When the project was started in 2001, all text in Wikipedia was covered by the GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL), a copyleft license permitting the redistribution, creation of derivative works, and commercial use of content while authors retain copyright of their work.[329] The GFDL was created for software manuals that come with free software programs licensed under the GPL. This made it a poor choice for a general reference work: for example, the GFDL requires the reprints of materials from Wikipedia to come with a full copy of the GFDL text.[330] In December 2002, the Creative Commons license was released; it was specifically designed for creative works in general, not just for software manuals. The Wikipedia project sought the switch to the Creative Commons.[331] Because the GFDL and Creative Commons were incompatible, in November 2008, following the request of the project, the Free Software Foundation (FSF) released a new version of the GFDL designed specifically to allow Wikipedia to relicense its content to CC BY-SA by August 1, 2009.[332] In April 2009, Wikipedia and its sister projects held a community-wide referendum which decided the switch in June 2009.[333][334][335][336]
Wikipedia has spawned several sister projects, which are also wikis run by the Wikimedia Foundation. These other Wikimedia projects include Wiktionary, a dictionary project launched in December 2002,[432] Wikiquote, a collection of quotations created a week after Wikimedia launched,[433] Wikibooks, a collection of collaboratively written free textbooks and annotated texts,[434] Wikimedia Commons, a site devoted to free-knowledge multimedia,[435] Wikinews, for collaborative journalism,[436] and Wikiversity, a project for the creation of free learning materials and the provision of online learning activities.[437] Another sister project of Wikipedia, Wikispecies, is a catalogue of all species, but is not open for public editing.[438] In 2012, Wikivoyage, an editable travel guide,[439] and Wikidata, an editable knowledge base, launched.[440]
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